Background

Indonesia declared Indonesia’s FOLU Net Sink 2030 at COP26 in GLASGOW by President Jokowi as a further legally-bindingcommitment from Indonesia to reduce global emission as the ParisAgreement signed on 2015. Through the document, Indonesiaaffirms to reduce the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in forestryand other land use (FOLU) minus 140 Mt CO2e by 2030, and thendecrease to minus 304 Mt CO2e by 2050. Indonesia has target toreach Net Zero Emission in 2060, wherein GHG sequestration ishigher than emission and 60% of total emissions will depend onFOLU sector.

Indonesia’s FOLU Net Sink 2030 is become updated policy in Indonesia to decrease emissions significantly. Following the policy, Indonesia submitted the Enhanced Nationally Determined Contribution (ENDC) to UNFCCC in 23 September 2023 withincreasing target of emission reduction from 29 percent to 31.89percent unconditional and from 41 percent to 43.20 percentconditional target. Indonesia will focus on five sectors includingenergy, waste, IPPU, agriculture, and FOLU through development oftechnology on relevant activities.

FOLU Net Sink 2030 was detailed on the operational plan as fundamental document for implementation of emission reduction activities was established using spatial analysis-based approaches including analysis of forest quality index, high conservation value, environmental services and biophysical indexes of carbon sequestration and forest and land fires. The systematic manual was also produced to manage the related issue of forest and land such as forest and land fires, deforestation and forest degradation, habitat and biodiversity conservation, as well as peatland and mangrovemanagement.

The achievement of FOLU Net Sink 2030 is largely determined by reduction of emissions from deforestation and peatlands. In addition, the target can be reach from increasing the capacity of natural forests in carbon sequestration, restoration and improvement of peat water systems, forest restoration and rehabilitation, sustainable forest management, and optimization of unproductive land. It is also necessary to develop various new policy instruments, control monitoring systems, and evaluate as well as implement public communications. The core of FOLU activities is the technical activities at the site level through 3 actions, i.e, first, action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, for example by controlling forest and land fires and reducing deforestation. Second, action to maintain absorption of emissions, by maintaining the condition of existing forest cover. Third, increase absorption of emissions, by forests and rehabilitation and creating the new tropical forests.

Collaboration and harmonization between Ministry of Environment of Forestry, the Peatland and Mangrove Restoration Agency and all stakeholders, both national and sub national level as well as academics’ participation is important to reach the FOLU Net Sink 2030 target. The activities progress should be monitor to know the achievements of emission reduction towards to 2030.

The Ministry of Environment and Forestry c.q the Directorate of Forest Resources Inventory and Monitoring, the Directorate General of Forestry Planning and Environmental Governance has created the National Forest Monitoring System (NFMS) or also known SIMONTANA, which is a system that providing reliable, up-to-date, and transparent spatial database and information on forest resources in order improving national forests management as well as environmental quality. SIMONTANA can monitor national forest and forest changes so public can find out the dynamics of current forest conditions quickly and accurately. SIMONTANA’s goal is to provide serial land cover data, including deforestation, reforestation and forest degradation for planning and monitoring forest resources. In this period, SIMONTANA is also used as the main supporting for the REDD+ MRV system in the FOLU sector and the implementation of REDD+ Result-Based Payments as well as monitoring of FOLU Net Sink 2030 achievement.

Ministry of Environment and Forestry has established the GHG MRV and SRN as tools to show the climate changes activities including REDD+ activities and FOLU Net Sink 2030 achievement monitoring.